RESEARCH: CANCER
FOLDING PROJECT #17763 PROFILE

This project looks at how proteins move molecules across cell walls using energy from ions. These proteins are found everywhere and help treat diseases like cancer and diabetes. Simulations will show how these proteins work, even if they look different.

Projects 17745-17750 Molecular basis of secondary active transporters. Secondary active membrane transporters are proteins that utilize ions to transport an assortment of molecules across cell membranes.

These proteins are found in all domains in life and surprisingly, despite vastly different structures, operate under the same mechanism by using an ion gradient to assist in small molecule transport.

Furthermore, many of these secondary active transporters are drug targets to treat diseases like cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

The simulations in this project will allow us to understand a universal role of ion-coupling across different families of proteins.

Secondary active transporters

Proteins that use ions to transport molecules across cell membranes.

Secondary active transporters are a type of protein found in all living organisms. They play a crucial role in moving various molecules across cell membranes by utilizing the energy stored in an ion gradient. This process is essential for many cellular functions, including nutrient uptake, waste removal, and signal transduction. The study of these transporters has significant implications for drug development, as many are targets for treating diseases like cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

Ion

An atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.

Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, giving them an overall positive or negative charge. They are essential for many biological processes, such as nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and enzyme activity. Ions play a vital role in maintaining the proper balance of fluids and electrolytes within cells and throughout the body.

Protein

Large biomolecules composed of amino acids.

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, performing a wide range of functions essential for life. They act as enzymes, catalyzing biochemical reactions; provide structural support; transport molecules; and participate in signaling pathways. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids, folded into complex three-dimensional structures that determine their specific functions.

Membrane

A thin barrier that separates the inside of a cell from its external environment.

Membranes are essential components of all cells, forming barriers that regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell. They consist primarily of lipids and proteins arranged in a bilayer structure. Membranes play vital roles in maintaining cellular integrity, transporting molecules, and facilitating communication between cells.

Cell

The basic unit of life.

Cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms. They are microscopic structures that carry out the essential functions of life, including metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. Cells can be single-celled or multicellular, forming tissues, organs, and organ systems.