RESEARCH: CANCER
FOLDING PROJECT #15232 PROFILE

This project looks at how PTCH1 moves cholesterol in our cells. PTCH1 stops cancer-causing signals unless cholesterol is around. If PTCH1 can't move cholesterol, it can lead to cancers like medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. Understanding how PTCH1 works could help us develop new cancer treatments.

This project aims to elucidate the cholesterol transport mechanism in PTCH1, a transmembrane protein responsible for inhibiting SMO in the absence of SHH in the hedgehog signaling pathway by reducing access to ciliary membrane cholesterol.

Dysregulation of this pathway (such as the inability of PTCH1 to transport cholesterol and thereby inhibit SMO) has been linked to various cancers, including medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Thus, understanding the mechanisms behind PTCH1 cholesterol transport will allow for therapeutic treatments to target these cancers.

PTCH1

Patched 1, a transmembrane protein

PTCH1 is a protein that acts as a receptor for the Hedgehog signaling pathway. It normally inhibits SMO (Smoothened), another protein in the pathway, preventing uncontrolled cell growth. Dysregulation of PTCH1 can lead to cancer.

SMO

Smoothened

SMO is a protein that plays a crucial role in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. It's activated when PTCH1 is inhibited, leading to downstream effects that promote cell growth and differentiation. Abnormal SMO activity is implicated in various cancers.

SHH

Sonic Hedgehog

SHH is a signaling protein that initiates the Hedgehog pathway. It binds to PTCH1, leading to a cascade of events that regulate cell growth, development, and tissue repair. Disruptions in SHH signaling can contribute to developmental disorders and cancer.

Cholesterol

A type of fat essential for cell membranes and hormone production.

Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in all cell membranes. It helps maintain membrane fluidity and stability, and it's also a precursor to various hormones. While cholesterol is essential, high levels can contribute to cardiovascular disease.

Transmembrane Protein

A protein spanning the cell membrane.

Transmembrane proteins are embedded within the cell membrane and often act as channels or transporters. They play vital roles in cellular signaling, nutrient uptake, and waste removal.

Ciliary Membrane

The membrane surrounding the cilia.

Cilia are hair-like structures on some cells that help with movement and sensing. The ciliary membrane is a specialized structure that surrounds the cilia and plays a role in regulating its function.