RESEARCH: CANCER
FOLDING PROJECT #15206 PROFILE

This project studies how PTCH1 moves cholesterol around in cells. PTCH1 is important for stopping cancer-causing signals from the hedgehog pathway. If PTCH1 doesn't work right, some cancers can develop. Learning how PTCH1 works could lead to new cancer treatments.

This project aims to elucidate the cholesterol transport mechanism in PTCH1, a transmembrane protein responsible for inhibiting SMO in the absence of SHH in the hedgehog signaling pathway by reducing access to ciliary membrane cholesterol.

Dysregulation of this pathway (such as the inability of PTCH1 to transport cholesterol and thereby inhibit SMO) has been linked to various cancers, including medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Thus, understanding the mechanisms behind PTCH1 cholesterol transport will allow for therapeutic treatments to target these cancers.

PTCH1

Patched 1, a transmembrane protein.

PTCH1 is a key protein in the hedgehog signaling pathway. It acts as a receptor that binds to SHH (Sonic Hedgehog), a signaling molecule. When SHH is absent, PTCH1 inhibits SMO (Smoothened), another protein in the pathway. This inhibition prevents cell growth and division. However, when SHH is present, it binds to PTCH1, releasing the inhibition on SMO and activating the pathway, leading to cell proliferation. Dysregulation of PTCH1 can lead to various cancers, such as medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma.

SMO

Smoothened

SMO is a protein essential for the hedgehog signaling pathway. When activated by SHH, SMO triggers a cascade of events that ultimately lead to cell growth and division. Dysregulation of SMO can contribute to cancer development.

SHH

Sonic Hedgehog

SHH is a signaling molecule crucial for embryonic development and tissue repair. It binds to PTCH1 receptors, initiating the hedgehog signaling pathway. This pathway regulates cell growth and division. Aberrant SHH signaling can contribute to various cancers.

cholesterol

A waxy, fat-like substance essential for cell membrane structure and function.

Cholesterol is a vital component of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and regulating membrane fluidity. It plays a role in various cellular processes, including hormone synthesis and vitamin D production. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism can contribute to cardiovascular diseases.

cancer

A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth and proliferation.

Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spread. Cancer cells can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to other parts of the body. There are numerous types of cancer, each with unique characteristics and treatment options.