RESEARCH: CANCER
FOLDING PROJECT #15218 PROFILE

This project looks at how PTCH1 moves cholesterol around in our cells. This protein is important for stopping cancer growth, but when it doesn't work right, cancers like medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma can develop. Understanding how PTCH1 works could lead to new treatments for these types of cancer.

Note: This TLDR is a simplication and may not be 100% accurate.

This project aims to elucidate the cholesterol transport mechanism in PTCH1, a transmembrane protein responsible for inhibiting SMO in the absence of SHH in the hedgehog signaling pathway by reducing access to ciliary membrane cholesterol.

Dysregulation of this pathway (such as the inability of PTCH1 to transport cholesterol and thereby inhibit SMO) has been linked to various cancers, including medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Thus, understanding the mechanisms behind PTCH1 cholesterol transport will allow for therapeutic treatments to target these cancers.

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PTCH1

Patched 1, a transmembrane protein

PTCH1 is a protein that acts as a receptor in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. It helps regulate cell growth and development by inhibiting another protein called SMO when there is no Hedgehog signal present. Dysfunctional PTCH1 can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and contribute to cancer.

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SMO

Smoothened

SMO is a protein involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. When activated by Hedgehog signals, it promotes cell growth and proliferation. Inhibition of SMO is a potential therapeutic strategy for cancers driven by Hedgehog pathway activation.

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SHH

Sonic Hedgehog

SHH is a signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. It activates the Hedgehog pathway, leading to cell proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant SHH signaling is implicated in various cancers.

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Cholesterol

A type of lipid essential for cell membrane structure and function

Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in all cells. It plays a vital role in building and maintaining cell membranes, regulating hormone production, and aiding in digestion. High cholesterol levels can contribute to heart disease.

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Transmembrane Protein

Protein spanning the cell membrane

A transmembrane protein is a type of protein that crosses the entire cell membrane. These proteins have essential roles in transporting molecules across the membrane, receiving signals from outside the cell, and maintaining cell structure.

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Medulloblastoma

A type of malignant brain tumor

Medulloblastoma is an aggressive childhood brain cancer that originates in the cerebellum. It is characterized by rapid growth and spread, often requiring intensive treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

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Basal Cell Carcinoma

A type of skin cancer that originates in the basal cells

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer. It typically appears as a pearly or waxy bump and is usually slow-growing. Treatment options include surgical excision, radiation therapy, and topical medications.